![]() ![]() Hydrolyzed collagen, small peptides with the lower molecular weights (0.3-8 kDa), is easy to be absorbed by the intestine and available for tissues. Oral supplementation of hydrolyzed collagen is beneficial for stimulating the formation of ECM proteins, slowing UV-induced aging, and improving fibroblast proliferation. Moreover, NF- κB can stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8) as well as adhesion molecules (e.g., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)). ![]() AP-1 and NF- κB cascades enhance the expression of MMP genes (e.g., MMP-1, MMP-3) and inhibit collagen synthesis. The UV-mediated ROS may activate the signaling pathways correlated with the nuclear transcription factors of AP-1 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF- κB). It has been shown that the ROS levels were highly increased in human skin after the 15-minute exposure to UV irradiation. For instance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may attack DNA base deoxyguanosine and yield the mutagenesis of 8-oxoguanine and GC-TA transversion mutation. Of these deleterious factors, UV irradiation, including UVA (314-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (100-280 nm), is the primary cause to premature skin aging-photoaging-and leads to direct DNA damage or UV-induced oxidative damages to macromocules (i.e., lipid, protein, and DNA). Extrinsic aging is often related to UV irradiation, inappropriate lifestyles, and environmental pollutants. Several studies have unveils that old skin manifests the low expression levels of type I procollagen and upregulation of the collagenases matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in comparison with young skin. Chronological aging is mainly contributed by the attenuation of collagen and elastin synthesis, while extrinsic aging is subject to disorganized collagen fibers and the accumulation of haphazard elastin fragmentation. With the passage of time, aging elicits the reduction of 1% of collagen content yearly. Collagen types I and III participate in around 95% of the skin constitution and are responsible for the resilience, strength, durability, and elasticity in the skin property. Skin aging is generally characterized by wrinkles, laxity, brown spots, thickening, and coarseness, and these deteriorations are associated with the degradation of ECM proteins and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Unlike other organs, skin directly exposes to the environment, and its appearance represents the epitome of the overall aging process. Collagen, coupled with elastin, hyaluronate (HA), and proteoglycans, forms ECM, which endows cells with mechanical characteristics and molecule cues for either cell stabilization or functionalization. In short, we have successfully proved that the synergistic effect of the collagen drink could not only reduce the oxidative damage but also ameliorate the cell functionality to compensate the harmful effects induced by UVA.Ĭollagen accounts for around 30% of the protein composition of the human body and is a predominant protein in the connective tissues, i.e., skin, blood vessel, and cartilage. Although the experimental results are built on the cellular models, we believe that the positive outcomes can provide more details on the influence of oral hydrolyzed collagen supplement for antiaging. The results show that the collagen drink could perform the compact antiaging effects on ROS inhibition, the facilitation of the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, the increase of mitochondrial activity, and improvement of the gene expression regarding correct protein folding, DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and base excision repair (BER). ![]() To delineate the broad perspective on delaying skin aging, we inspected the collagen drink-treated fibroblast cells from the molecular and cellular aspects. Previous studies frequently discussed the skin aging from the angle of the representative characteristics of collagen loss and the oxidative-induced expression of proteolytic enzymes matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but few groups comprehensively investigated the efficacy of oral hydrolyzed collagen for enhancing protein folding and DNA repair as well as improving notable cell behaviors. This work unveils a fish collagen drink for improvement of skin aging. ![]()
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